As there are numerous disorders related to maladaptive functioning and personality. DSM₋5 categorized them separately on the bases of their similar features and characteristics. The personality disorder is divided into three clusters named clusters A, B, and C.
Personality Disorder (Cluster A)
This category includes those disorders that severely interfere with one’s life. The predominant features of these disorders are marked by strange, unconventional, and irregular thinking patterns and behaviors. This cluster includes the following disorders.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
This disorder is highly based on distrust and suspicion. The person always believes that someone is trying to harm him. Following are the symptoms.
- Extensive distrust and intuitions of others and about their objectives.
- Unreasonable belief system that someone trying to harm me.
- Unreasonable intuitions about other people’s loyalty.
- Doubtfulness of disclosing anything about oneself in front of others because of the unjustified fear that others could harm him with that information.
- Intense anger response to perceived insulting comments.
- Holding bad things and resentment about others.
- Repeated thoughts of disloyalty about own partner or spouse.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
The symptoms are the following.
- Person prefers to stay alone and deliberately avoid social situations, showing less interest in social and personal relationships.
- Not much emotionally expressive.
- Not able to seek pleasure or feel happiness in maximum activities.
- Incompetence to perceived normal social indications.
- Having less or no sexual interest.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
A persistent pattern where a person confronts acute discomfort in close connections. The symptoms are.
- Person experiences some extent of hallucination in this mental condition.
- Usually having a prosaic or unfitting emotional response to stimuli.
- Persistent social anxiety and finding discomfort in close bounding.
- Unconcerned, indifferent or doubtful response to others.
- Having a delusion such as a person having the power to control or influence the thought process of other people.
- Distorted beliefs system
Personality Disorder (Cluster B)
This cluster has those disorders that are characterized by overdramatic, excessively emotional, or unforeseeable thoughts or conducts.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Inconsiderable about the needs, safety, or feelings of other people.
- Consistent lying, taking benefits of others, stealing, making friends for own aliases.
- Persistent issues with lawful rules.
- Often violate the other’s rights.
- Impulsive and aggressive behaviors toward others.
- Showing irresponsible behavior most frequently.
- Lack of compassionate behavior.
Borderline Personality Disorder
- Hazardous and impetuous behavior marked as unsafe sexual activity or binge eating patterns.
- Nonstable or weak self-perception.
- Bad quality of interpersonal relationships.
- Frequently experience fluctuation in mood.
- Having the fear of being left alone.
- Suicidal thoughts or self-injurious behaviors.
- Continuously feeling emptiness.
- Exhibit anger outbursts.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Always trying to seek the attention of others.
- excessively melodramatic, emotional, or sexually alluring in order to attract attention
- possesses a dramatic speaking style with strong impressions but has no supporting evidence to back these opinions up.
- prone to being dominated by others.
- Shallow, fast-evolving emotions.
- an excessive worry about appearance.
- believes interpersonal connections are closer than they actually are.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- The belief that you are unique and more significant than other people
- Daydreaming of being Powerful, prosperous, and tempting.
- Not able to identify other feelings or necessities.
- Exaggeration of abilities or accomplishments.
- The anticipation of unending recognition and praise
- Egotism
- Unreasonable demands for benefits and favors, frequently taking advantage of others.
- Having others or thinking that others have your jealousy.
Personality Disorder (Cluster C)
Anxious and extreme worry is the main feature of this category.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Excessive sensitivity to rejection or criticism.
- Feeling unworthy, undeserving, or undesirable.
- Avoid tasks at work that demand communication with others.
- Socially awkward, frightened, and introverted such as avoiding trying new things or interacting with strangers.
- Extreme timidity in interpersonal interactions and in social settings.
- Fear of being rejected, embarrassed, or mocked.
Dependent Personality Disorder
- Excessive reliance on others and a sense of needing to be cared for.
- Agglutinant or unassertive behavior toward others.
- Fear of being left alone and having to take care of oneself or survive on your own.
- Lack of self-assurance, an overwhelming need for others’ approval and counsel when making even minor decisions.
- Inability to begin or complete undertakings on your own because of a lacking of self-trust.
- Having trouble disagreeing with others out of fear of being rejected.
- Acceptance of inadequate or cruel treatment despite the availability of alternate options.
- Need to establish a new relationship immediately after a close one ends.
Obsessive Compulsory Personality Disorder
- An obsession with organization, rules, and specifics.
- Extreme need for perfection that leads to malfunction and discomfort when it is not met, such as the inability to complete a task because you didn’t satisfy your own high standards.
- Unwillingness to delegate work and a desire to maintain complete control over people, situations, and jobs.
- Leaving no time spent with friends and fun activities due to an excessive amount of dedication to a job or a project.
- Inability to throw away damaged or useless items.
- Rigid and unyielding.
- Rigid in their principles, ethics, or ideals.
- Strict, frugal budgeting and money management.
Note: sometimes people diagnosed with one personality disorder can also manifest some features of some other personality disorder too.